Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) Explained: Benefits and Maintenance

In today’s fast-paced world, the safety and efficiency of our vehicles hinge not just on the engines that power them or the brakes that halt them but also on the tires that carry them. The Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is a pivotal advancement in automotive safety technology. This system serves as a guardian and a guide, ensuring your vehicle’s tires are safe and optimally efficient. In this article, we’ll dive into TPMS, why it’s crucial for every vehicle owner, and how to maintain it for enduring benefits.

What is  TPMS?

At its core, a TPMS is an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles. TPMS reports real-time tire pressure information to the vehicle driver, either via a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light.

What should you do if your TPMS warning light is on?

If your light on the dash turns on, that indicates that one or more of your tires is significantly underinflated, which can affect vehicle handling, fuel efficiency, and safety. The first step is to pull over safely and visually inspect your tires for any signs of damage or noticeable deflation. Next, use a tire pressure gauge to check the air pressure in all four tires, comparing the readings to the recommended levels found in your vehicle’s owner’s manual or on the driver’s side door jamb. If a tire is low, inflate it to the specified pressure; (we recommend keeping a mobile inflator in your vehicle for emergencies such as this.)

If you don’t have access to a gauge or air pump, drive cautiously to the nearest service station. After inflating the tires to the correct pressure, the TPMS light should turn off after driving a few miles. If the light remains on or you notice any issues with tire pressure stability, consult a professional mechanic to ensure there are no leaks or sensor malfunctions. Regular maintenance and timely response to the TPMS warning light can help prolong tire life and ensure safe driving conditions.

Here’s a quick video about the types of dash-lights that will alert you to the tire problem. You don’t want to wait around to address the issue. One is the traditional light that is the Telltale lights that And the other is the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL).

How does TPMS work?

There are two types of TPMS: direct and indirect. Each serves the same purpose but operates under different mechanics: We go into more detail in this video.

• Direct TPMS measures the pressure in each tire directly. It uses sensors within the tires that send data to a central computer, allowing for accurate readings and immediate alerts if the pressure drops below a safe threshold.
• Indirect TPMS works with your vehicle’s Antilock Braking System (ABS) sensors to approximate tire pressure. By comparing the revolution rate between wheels, the system can infer when a tire’s circumference changes due to low pressure, triggering an alert.

Benefits of Using TPMS

1. Enhanced Safety: Proper tire pressure is crucial for safe driving. TPMS helps maintain correct tire pressure, reducing tire failure risk while driving, such as blowouts and flats.

2. Improved Fuel Efficiency: Tires at correct pressure levels offer the optimal balance of resistance and performance, which can significantly improve your vehicle’s fuel efficiency.

3. Extended Tire Life: Maintaining optimal tire pressure ensures that tires wear more evenly, thus extending their life and reducing the frequency of tire replacements.

4. Environmental Benefits: By optimizing fuel consumption and reducing tire wear, TPMS not only saves you on operating costs but also aids in reducing your ecological footprint.

Maintaining Your TPMS

While TPMS significantly reduces the need for manual tire pressure checks, maintaining this system is crucial to ensure its effectiveness:

• Regular Checks and Calibration: Ensure your TPMS is calibrated according to the manufacturer’s specifications. This is usually done during regular vehicle servicing.
• Sensor Battery Life: The batteries within direct TPMS sensors typically last around 5 to 10 years. Keep track of their lifespan and replace them as necessary to ensure continuous monitoring.
• Visual Inspections: Regularly inspect your tires for any signs of damage or wear that might not be caught by the TPMS, particularly if you have an indirect system.
• Seasonal Adjustments: Be aware of temperature changes that can affect tire pressure. Check and adjust the pressures during extreme seasons or temperature shifts.

Replacing Sensors and TPMS Relearn Procedures:

TPMS sensors need replacement for several reasons, including battery depletion (typically after 5-10 years), sensor malfunction, or physical damage. Ensuring functional TPMS sensors is vital for accurate tire pressure monitoring, which in turn ensures vehicle safety and performance.

Steps to Replace TPMS Sensors:

1. Preparation: Gather necessary tools such as a tire jack, lug wrench, valve stem tool, and replacement TPMS sensors. Ensure your vehicle is parked on a flat, stable surface.
2. Remove the Tire: Loosen the lug nuts and lift the vehicle using a tire jack. Fully remove the lug nuts and take the tire off.
3. Deflate the Tire: Release the air from the tire by removing the valve core using a valve stem tool.
4. Remove the Old Sensor: Detach the tire from the rim enough to access the TPMS sensor. Unscrew and remove the old sensor from the valve stem.
5. Install the New Sensor: Place the new TPMS sensor into the valve stem hole and secure it. Ensure it is tightly fitted to prevent air leaks.
6. Reassemble the Tire: Re-seat the tire onto the rim, inflate it to the recommended pressure, and reattach the tire to the vehicle. Tighten the lug nuts securely.

TPMS Relearning Procedures

After installing new TPMS sensors, the vehicle’s system needs to recognize and communicate with them. This process is known as TPMS relearning.

Relearning Methods:

1. Manual Relearn: Some vehicles allow for a manual reset procedure. This often involves a sequence of steps such as turning the ignition on and off, pressing specific buttons, or driving at a certain speed for a specified period.
2. OBDII Relearn: Using an OBDII (On-Board Diagnostics) tool, technicians can program the new TPMS sensors directly into the vehicle’s computer system. This method ensures precise synchronization and is often quicker.
3. Trigger Tool Relearn: Specialized TPMS trigger tools can activate the sensors and send their information to the vehicle’s computer, facilitating the relearning process. This method is typically used by professionals for accuracy.

General Steps for Relearning:

1. Start the Vehicle: Turn the ignition to the “On” position without starting the engine.
2. Activate the Sensors: Use a TPMS tool to activate each sensor by holding it near the valve stem and following the tool’s instructions.
3. Follow the Vehicle’s Relearn Procedure: This varies by manufacturer but usually involves a combination of ignition cycles, pressing specific buttons, or driving the vehicle.
4. Verify: Ensure the TPMS light turns off and the system reads the correct tire pressures.

A Tire Pressure Monitoring System is not just a tool for convenience; it is a component of your vehicle that bolsters safety, enhances performance, and offers peace of mind. By understanding how TPMS works and adhering to simple maintenance practices, you can ensure that this system serves you well throughout the life of your vehicle. Remember, the roads we travel are as safe as the care we take on our vehicles. By regularly checking your TPMS, you can enjoy a smooth and trouble-free ride while keeping yourself, your passengers, and other drivers safe on the road.